Breastfeeding is a natural way to feed an infant. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast milk is the ideal food for babies, as it contains all the necessary nutrients for their growth during the first months of life.
WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by continued breastfeeding in conjunction with complementary feeding. In France, Santé Publique France and the Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) also reiterate that breast milk is particularly well-suited to the needs of the infant.
However, the beginning of breastfeeding can raise many questions. Many parents wonder:
• how to start breastfeeding well
• how long a feeding lasts
• how to know if the baby is drinking enough
• what positions to adopt for breastfeeding
• how to manage potential difficulties
In this guide, we will explain the basics of breastfeeding and answer the most frequently asked questions.
How Breastfeeding Works
Breast milk production is regulated by several hormones, primarily prolactin and oxytocin.
Prolactin stimulates milk production in the mammary glands, while oxytocin triggers the milk ejection reflex.
According to WHO, milk production operates on a simple principle: the more the baby suckles, the more milk production is stimulated.
At the beginning of breastfeeding, the breasts produce a milk called colostrum. This first milk is very rich in proteins, antibodies, and protective elements for the newborn's immune system.
Even if the quantities are small, colostrum is usually sufficient to meet the baby's nutritional needs during the first few days.
Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Baby
Breast milk is specifically adapted to the needs of the infant.
According to WHO, it contains:
• essential nutrients for growth
• antibodies that help protect against certain infections
• enzymes and hormones that promote digestion
Several studies cited by WHO and UNICEF indicate that breastfeeding can help reduce the risk of certain infections in infants, particularly respiratory and digestive infections.
However, breastfeeding is not the only way to feed a baby. Infant formulas are also designed to meet the nutritional needs of infants.
Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Mother
Breastfeeding can also have certain effects for the mother.
According to several medical publications and public health recommendations:
• breastfeeding stimulates the release of oxytocin
• this hormone contributes to uterine contractions after childbirth
• some studies suggest that prolonged breastfeeding may be associated with certain maternal health benefits
However, each situation remains different, and some women cannot or do not wish to breastfeed.
How to Start Breastfeeding Well
The first hours after birth can play an important role in establishing breastfeeding.
WHO and UNICEF recommend, when possible, to put the baby to the breast within an hour of birth.
This early contact promotes:
• the initiation of lactation
• the bond between mother and baby
• the infant's first sucking reflexes
In the first few days, feedings can be frequent. It is generally recommended to breastfeed on demand, i.e., when the baby shows signs of hunger.
Breastfeeding Positions
There is no single correct position for breastfeeding. The main goal is to find a comfortable position for both mother and baby.
Cradle Hold
The baby is lying facing the mother, tummy to tummy. This is one of the most common positions.
Football Hold
The baby is placed under the mother's arm. This position may be more comfortable after a C-section.
Lying-down Position
The mother and baby lie on their sides. This position can be practical for nighttime feedings.
According to La Leche League International, a good breastfeeding position allows the baby to latch on correctly and can reduce the risk of nipple pain.
How to Know if the Baby is Drinking Enough
It is common for parents to wonder if their baby is getting enough milk.
According to Santé Publique France, several signs can indicate that breastfeeding is going well:
• the baby feeds regularly
• they seem satisfied after feeding
• they wet several diapers a day
• they gain weight regularly
The baby's growth is generally monitored by a healthcare professional during pediatric consultations.
Common Difficulties at the Start of Breastfeeding
Certain difficulties may arise, especially at the beginning.
The most common are:
• nipple pain
• breast engorgement
• feeling of insufficient milk supply
• fatigue due to nighttime feedings
The Haute Autorité de Santé emphasizes that support from a professional trained in breastfeeding can help resolve these difficulties.
A midwife, doctor, or lactation consultant can provide tailored advice.
Can One Breastfeed and Return to Work?
Some mothers wish to continue breastfeeding after returning to work.
It is possible to alternate:
• breastfeeding at the breast
• expressed and stored breast milk
According to Santé Publique France, breast milk can be stored in the refrigerator or freezer under appropriate conditions.
In France, the Labor Code stipulates that mothers who breastfeed are entitled to specific breaks at work. For one year after the child's birth, an employee can take one hour per day from her working time to breastfeed or express her milk. This hour is generally divided into two 30-minute breaks, one in the morning and one in the afternoon.
These breaks can be used to breastfeed the baby if the baby is nearby, or to express milk. In some companies, particularly those with more than 100 female employees, a dedicated breastfeeding room may be provided to allow mothers to breastfeed or express milk in good hygienic and comfortable conditions.
However, these breaks are not necessarily paid, unless a collective agreement or company agreement provides for more favorable provisions.
(Source: French Labor Code, articles L1225-30 to L1225-33)
Is Breastfeeding Obligatory?
No. Breastfeeding remains a personal choice.
Some mothers choose to breastfeed, others prefer to use infant formula. Both options can adequately nourish a baby.
The main thing is that parents feel supported and informed in their choices.
FAQ – Breastfeeding
How long does a feeding last?
The duration can vary depending on the baby. Some feedings last a few minutes, others longer.
How often should one breastfeed?
Newborns often feed 8 to 12 times a day, according to pediatric recommendations.
Can one breastfeed if one is tired?
Yes. Certain positions, such as the lying-down position, can help one rest during feedings.
When to consult a healthcare professional?
It is advisable to seek advice if:
• pain persists
• the baby seems to have difficulty suckling
• weight gain is insufficient
Sources
The information presented in this article is based on the recommendations of:
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)
• Santé Publique France
• UNICEF
• La Leche League International
Important Note
The information presented in this article is provided for informational purposes only and does not replace the advice of a healthcare professional.
In case of doubt or difficulty regarding breastfeeding, it is recommended to consult a doctor, midwife, or specialized professional.
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